Thlaspi species can accumulate cadmium, nickel, lead, and zinc. The Brassicaceae family contains the largest number of hyperaccumulators with 11 genera (Prasad and Freitas 2003). It is suspected that their enhanced abilities to accumulate, translocate, and detoxify and sequester heavy metal ions evolved in some taxa to protect against disease and insect herbivores, similar to the function of glucosinolates (Salt 2006). Several plant genera, as well as some microbes and fungi, are natural hyperaccumulators of heavy metals. The symbioses between legumes and microorganisms provide nutrients for the plant, stimulate plant growth, exert antistress effects on plants, improve soil fertility, and restore ecosystem biodiversity and functions. Such plant microbe associations have implications in plant growth, nutrition and disease control. Legume species are able to form symbiosis with various beneficial microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria. For such purposes, a number of legume species were used and this chapter gives an updated glimpse on scientific experiences dealing with microbial effects on several legume species growing in heavy metal polluted soils. There is evidence that many legume species of the flowering plant family Fabaceae may be efficiently used in phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils, particularly for revegetation and phytostabilization of mine soils. The water absorption capacity of a plant is a factor that should be taken into consideration while performing studies in hydroponic solutions because it reflects the overall health of a plant. Many plant species have the capacity to absorb large quantities of water form hydroponic solutions. Aubert and Schwitzguebel carried out the screening of plant species (Rheum rabarbarum, Rumex acetosa, Rumex hydrolapatum and Apium graveolens), in hydroponic solutions for the removal of sulfonated anthraquinones. The use of hydroponics provides a cost effective method for phytoremediation of dyes. Thus, such solutions are enriched with various macro and micro nutrients and can be used for the cultivation and or maintenance of plants for phytoremediation. These solutions provide a nutrient status which is close to that of the soil in which the plant usually grows. The cultivation of plants and their further experiments with dye degradation can be carried out using hydroponic solutions.
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